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KMID : 1001320170440010161
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Social Welfare Policy
2017 Volume.44 No. 1 p.161 ~ p.185
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Poverty of Both Time and Income in Householders
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Oh Hea-Eun
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Abstract
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Income and time are limited resources and necessities to maintain a life with dignity. Nevertheless, less research has been conducted on time poverty than on income poverty. Particularly, much research on poverty of both time and income has been based on households, while little has focused on individual differences like gender. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences between male and female householders in the characteristics of time poverty and poverty of both time and income. Toward this end, householders were divided into four groups; male householders with spouse, female householders with spouse, male householders with no spouse, female householders with no spouse. also the study used the data from the Supplementary Survey of the 17th Year Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. Time poverty was determined by free time as the standard, and the calculation of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices and probit analysis were performed. The key study results are as follows: first, the FGT indices measurement on time poverty showed that female householders with spouse, female householders with no spouse had a higher time poverty headcount ratio, a higher time poverty gap, and a higher squared time poverty gap than male householders, verifying that female householders were more prone to time poverty than male householders; second, regarding income poverty, low-income female householders with spouse showed the highest time poverty headcount ratio, indicating that many of them were suffering not only from income poverty, but also from time poverty; finally, the probit analysis was conducted to determine whether the head of a householder`s type is a factor in income poverty, time poverty, and poverty both time and income. Its result showed that, while having a female householder with spouse, female householder with no spouse had a significant effect on time poverty and female householder with no spouse had a significant effect on poverty both time and income.
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KEYWORD
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time poverty, poverty of both time and income, FGT indices
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